Characterization and speculations on the urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.
نویسنده
چکیده
The available hypotheses or explanations for the urbanization of American visceral leishmaniasis are insufficient. An alternative hypothesis is that changes in the ecology and biology of the vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, might explain all the new urban epidemiological features of the disease. To tackle the knowledge gaps in this process, certain key research areas need to be prioritized: the role of dogs in expanding transmission in cities, community trials to evaluate new insecticides, and research on the ecological and molecular determinants of Leishmania chagasi transmission. Investment of public funds should focus on the development of a human vaccine, since such a vaccine now appears to be within reach. Even small effects from a vaccine could substantially reduce the impact of the disease, which in the last quarter century has challenged and defeated both the scientific community and the public health field around the world.
منابع مشابه
Forum: geographic spread and urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Introduction.
The geographic spread and urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil has been described since the early 1980s. However, the putative factors associated with this process, its full characterization, and the implications for disease control still challenge researchers and Public Health professionals. Although the available data show that the disease occurs mainly in urban areas, current kno...
متن کاملLutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) and urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) e urbanização da leishmaniose visceral no Brasil
The article discusses habits related to the vectorial competence of Lutzomyia longipalpis, along with evidence confirming the importance of this sand fly species in the epidemiological chain of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. A new epidemiological profile for visceral leishmaniasis is also postulated, associated with domestic environments and the role of Lu. longipalpis in this process, its s...
متن کاملA Capture ELISA for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Using a Monoclonal Antibody against a Leishmanial
capture ELISA system was developed for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using a monoclonal antibody raised against an antigen previously detected in the urine of VL patients. Urine samples from confirmed VL cases from Yemen, Nepal, Spain, Sudan and Brazil were tested in the capture ELISA in comparison with urine samples from endemic and non-endemic areas along with urine samples from pa...
متن کاملForum: geographic spread and urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Postscript: new challenges in the epidemiology of Leishmania chagasi infection.
Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease that reemerged in various locations in Brazil in the 1980s and spread to new areas, including the Southeast and Central-West of the country. Previously, visceral leishmaniasis was a disease that occurred in rural areas of the Northeast, mainly affecting children 1. However, most cases of visceral leishmaniasis now come from periurban areas of cities in Northe...
متن کاملUrbanization of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Brazil and appears to occur in epidemic form in the state of Ceará. Few epidemiologic studies have been done on VL in this state. The aim of this study is to establish the epidemiologic pattern of VL in Fortaleza City and to show how urbanization has occurred in recent years. METHODS Data were obtained from the State Health Department of Fo...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Cadernos de saude publica
دوره 24 12 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008